Wednesday, January 5, 2011

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sejarah agama islam

Kata Islam berarti "penyerahan kepada Allah". The Holy Quran describes Islam as an Arabic word Deen (way of life). Al-Qur'an menggambarkan Islam sebagai sebuah kata Arab Deen (cara hidup). The followers of Islam are called Muslims. Para pengikut Islam disebut Muslim. The literal meaning of Muslim is "one who surrenders" or "submits" to the will of God. Arti harfiah Muslim adalah "orang yang menyerahkan" atau "menyampaikan" dengan kehendak Allah. In order to understand Islam, the basic portrayal of belief in Quran must be considered. Dalam rangka untuk memahami Islam, penggambaran dasar keyakinan dalam Quran harus dipertimbangkan. According to Quran, those who submit to one God are Muslims. Menurut Quran, orang-orang yang tunduk kepada satu Tuhan adalah Muslim. Aisha Y. Musa writes in his article, Jews in the Quran: An Introduction that, "Islam is the religion of all the prophets from Adam to Noah to Abraham to Moses, Jesus and Mohammad. (10:71-72, 84; 2:128-133; 5:110-112)." Aisha Y. Musa menulis dalam artikelnya, orang Yahudi di Quran: Sebuah Pengantar bahwa, "Islam agama semua nabi dari Adam sampai Nuh kepada Abraham kepada Musa, Yesus dan Mohammad (10:71-72, 84; 2. :128-133, 5:110-112) ". Quran also declares that all the prophets who came before Mohammad and their followers were all Muslims. Quran juga menyatakan bahwa semua nabi yang datang sebelum Muhammad dan pengikut mereka semua Muslim.

The origin of Islam dates back to the creation of the world. Asal-usul Islam tanggal kembali ke penciptaan dunia. All the prophets who came to this world preached the same message of believing in one God and to accept them as His messenger. Semua nabi yang datang ke dunia ini mengajarkan pesan yang sama percaya pada satu Allah dan untuk menerima mereka sebagai Rasul-Nya. The prophets were also blessed with a manifestation of divine will or truth. Para nabi juga diberkati dengan manifestasi akan ilahi atau kebenaran. Likewise, Prophet Mohammad was also a messenger of God. Demikian juga, Nabi Muhammad juga seorang utusan Allah. He revealed the truth and the way of life through the Holy Quran. Dia mengungkapkan kebenaran dan cara hidup melalui Al-Qur'an.

Before the birth of Prophet Mohammad (Peace Be Upon Him) , the Arab society believed in multiple Gods. Sebelum kelahiran Nabi Muhammad (saw) , masyarakat Arab percaya pada Tuhan beberapa. Although the Arabs believed in the unity of God, but they also claimed that God has entrusted His duties to various gods, goddesses and idols. Meskipun Arab percaya akan kesatuan Tuhan, tetapi mereka juga mengklaim bahwa Allah telah dipercayakan-Nya ke berbagai tugas, dewi dewa-dewa dan berhala. For this purpose, they had more than 360 idols. Untuk tujuan ini, mereka memiliki lebih dari 360 berhala. They considered angels as the daughters of God. Mereka menganggap malaikat sebagai putri Allah. They were ignorant of social values. Mereka tahu tentang nilai-nilai sosial. They were nomadic people who were dependent on cattle for their living. Mereka orang-orang nomad yang bergantung pada ternak untuk hidup mereka. There was no government or law. Tidak ada pemerintah atau hukum. All power existed with the rich. Semua kekuasaan ada dengan orang kaya. The society was full of barbarity and brutality. Masyarakat penuh dengan kebiadaban dan kebrutalan. Tribes fought with each other over trivial matters for centuries. Suku berperang satu sama lain atas hal-hal sepele selama berabad-abad. A slight argument over horses or water could lead to the slaughtering of thousands of innocent people. Argumen sedikit di atas kuda atau air dapat menyebabkan penyembelihan ribuan orang tidak berdosa.

It was the birth of Prophet Mohammad in 570 AD in the city of Makkah which brought a revolution to the entire fate of the nomadic Arabs. Itu adalah kelahiran Nabi Muhammad di 570 M di kota Mekkah yang membawa revolusi ke seluruh nasib orang-orang Arab nomaden. He became famous among the people of Makkah at a very early age because of his allegiance and reliability. Dia menjadi terkenal di kalangan masyarakat Makkah pada usia yang sangat dini karena kesetiaan dan kehandalan. He was widely known as Al-Ameen (honest, trustworthy.) Ia dikenal sebagai Al-Ameen (jujur, dapat dipercaya.)

At the age of 40, when Mohammad was meditating at Mt. Pada usia 40, ketika Muhammad bermeditasi di Mt. Hera, he received a revelations from God. Hera, ia menerima wahyu dari Allah. The angel Gabriel said to him, " Iqra " which means "to read". Malaikat Jibril berkata kepadanya, "Iqra" yang berarti "membaca". Mohammad replied "I cannot read". Mohammad menjawab "Aku tidak bisa membaca". Gabriel embraced and released him. Gabriel memeluk dan melepaskannya. Then the first five verses of God was revealed to him which said, "Recite in the name of your Lord who created! He created man, out of a (mere) cloth of congealed blood. Recite; and thy Lord is most bountiful. He who had taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not." Kemudian lima ayat pertama Allah telah diwahyukan kepadanya yang mengatakan, "Bacalah dalam nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan Dia menciptakan manusia, dari kain (belaka) darah yang membeku Ucapkan;!. Dan Tuhanmulah yang paling berlimpah Dia. yang telah diajarkan oleh pena, mengajar manusia apa yang ia tidak tahu. " (96:1-5) (96:1-5)

Mohammad started proclaiming the message of believing in one God. Mohammad mulai memproklamirkan pesan percaya pada satu Tuhan. The people who once called him "Trustworthy" and "Honest" boycotted and plotted to kill him. Orang-orang yang pernah memanggilnya "Terpercaya" dan "Jujur" memboikot dan berencana untuk membunuhnya. In 622 AD, due to worsening living conditions and social isolation, Prophet Mohammad migrated to Medina along with his followers. Pada 622 AD, karena memburuknya kondisi hidup dan isolasi sosial, Nabi Muhammad bermigrasi ke Madinah bersama dengan pengikutnya. This flight was known as Hijrah and marks the beginning of the Muslims calendar. Penerbangan ini dikenal sebagai Hijrah dan menandai awal kalender umat Islam. Mohammad's message spread rapidly and the number of followers increased in Medina. Muhammad pesan menyebar dengan cepat dan jumlah pengikut meningkat di Madinah. During the next few years, a series of battles were fought between various tribes of Makkah and the Muslims of Medina. Selama beberapa tahun ke depan, serangkaian pertempuran yang terjadi antara berbagai suku Mekah dan Muslim di Madinah. In 628 AD, the Treaty of Hudaibiyah was signed between the two parties. Pada 628 AD, Perjanjian Hudaibiyah ditandatangani antara kedua pihak. Truce was declared for 10 years. Gencatan senjata dinyatakan selama 10 tahun. The treaty was broken in 629 AD by the non-Muslims of the Makkans. Traktat ini rusak di 629 Masehi oleh non-Muslim dari Mekah. Mohammad moved towards Makkah with 10,000 men and the battle was won without a single bloodshed. Mohammad bergerak menuju Mekah dengan 10.000 laki-laki dan pertempuran dimenangkan tanpa pertumpahan darah tunggal. Mohmmad died in 632 AD , at the age of 63 in the city of Medina. Mohmmad meninggal pada 632 AD, pada usia 63 di kota Madinah. Mohammad's death brought a huge catastrophe among Muslims. kematian Muhammad membawa bencana besar di kalangan umat Islam. People could not believe that Mohammad had left them forever. Orang-orang tidak percaya bahwa Muhammad telah meninggalkan mereka selamanya. Many of the followers were perplexed and distraught, and claimed him to be still living. Banyak pengikut yang bingung dan putus asa, dan menyatakan dia masih hidup. At that time Mohammad funeral, Abu Bakr, who was the most respected of all the followers affirmed that, "O people, those of you who worshipped Mohammad, Mohammad has died. And those of you who worshipped God, God is still living." Pada saat pemakaman Muhammad, Abu Bakar, siapa yang paling dihormati dari semua pengikut menegaskan bahwa, "Wahai manusia, bagi Anda yang menyembah Muhammad, Muhammad telah meninggal Dan Anda yang menyembah Allah, Allah masih hidup.."

Abu Bakr was chosen as the first Caliph (leader). Abu Bakar terpilih sebagai pemimpin) Khalifah pertama (. Before his death in 634 AD, Umar ibn ul Khattab was appointed as his successor. Sebelum kematiannya pada tahun 634 Masehi, Umar ibn Khattab ul ditunjuk sebagai penggantinya. During the ten years of his rule, Muslims conquered 22 hundreds thousands miles of area. Mesopotamia and parts of Persia were taken from the Sassanids Empire (Iranian Dynasty), and Egypt , Palestine , Syria , North Africa and Armenia from the Byzantine Empire . Selama sepuluh tahun pemerintahannya, Muslim menaklukkan ratusan kilometer 22 ribuan daerah. Mesopotamia dan sebagian Persia diambil dari Sassania Kekaisaran (Iran Dinasti), dan Mesir , Palestina , Suriah , Afrika Utara dan Armenia dari Kekaisaran Bizantium . He was devoted and committed to his people and established an empire of peace, justice and dignity. The teachings of Islam started to spread through love. Dia setia dan berkomitmen untuk umat-Nya dan mendirikan sebuah kerajaan yang damai, keadilan dan martabat. Ajaran Islam mulai menyebar melalui cinta. The principle of equality among all the people irrespective of race, color, caste, and creed won the hearts of the people. Prinsip kesetaraan di antara semua orang terlepas dari ras, warna kulit, kasta, dan kepercayaan memenangkan hati rakyat. Within a few years, a lot of people accepted the message of Islam. Dalam beberapa tahun, banyak orang menerima pesan Islam. By the tenth century, Islam dominated the half of the world known at that time. Pada abad kesepuluh, Islam mendominasi separuh dunia yang dikenal pada waktu itu.

Mohammad Ali writes in his article, "The condition of Arabs before the advent of the Holy Prophet and the Transformation He Wrought in Them," says that "From such debasing idolatry, the holy Prophet uplift the whole of Arabia in a brief span of twenty years . . . is not this the mightiest miracle that the world has ever witnessed ? . . . It was this fallen humanity whom the Holy prophet raised to the highest level of moral rectitude." Mohammad Ali menulis dalam artikelnya, "Kondisi Arab sebelum kedatangan Nabi Suci dan Transformasi Dia Tempa pada mereka," mengatakan bahwa "Dari penyembahan berhala merendahkan nilai tersebut, mengangkat Nabi suci seluruh Arabia dalam rentang singkat dari dua puluh tahun... bukankah ini keajaiban terkuat bahwa dunia pernah saksikan..?. Itu adalah manusia jatuh ini siapa nabi Kudus diangkat ke tingkat tertinggi kejujuran moral. "

Mahatma Gandhi, in his unique style, says "Some one has said that Europeans in South Africa dread the advent Islam - Islam that civilized Spain, Islam that took the torch light to Morocco and preached to the world the Gospel of brotherhood. The Europeans of South Africa dread the Advent of Islam. They may claim equality with the white races. They may well dread it, if brotherhood is a sin. If it is equality of colored races then their dread is well founded." Mahatma Gandhi, dalam gaya yang unik, mengatakan "Seseorang telah mengatakan bahwa orang Eropa di Afrika Selatan takut kedatangan Islam - Islam yang Spanyol beradab, Islam yang membawa cahaya obor kepada Maroko dan dikabarkan ke seluruh dunia Injil persaudaraan Orang-orang Eropa dari. Afrika Selatan takut Kedatangan Islam Mereka mungkin. mengklaim kesetaraan dengan ras putih. Mereka mungkin juga takut, jika persaudaraan adalah dosa. Jika kesetaraan ras berwarna maka ketakutan mereka cukup beralasan. "

Sarojini Naidu explains his point in Ideals of Islam by saying that Sarojini Naidu menjelaskan titik di Cita-cita Islam dengan mengatakan bahwa "It was the first religion that preached and practiced democracy; for, in the mosque, when the call for prayer is sounded and worshippers are gathered together, the democracy of Islam is embodied five times a day when the peasant and king kneel side by side and proclaim: 'God Alone is Great'... I have been struck over and over again by this indivisible unity of Islam that makes man instinctively a brother." "Inilah agama pertama yang mengajarkan dan mempraktekkan demokrasi, karena, di masjid, ketika adzan dibunyikan dan jamaah dikumpulkan bersama-sama, demokrasi Islam terwujud lima kali sehari ketika petani dan sisi raja berlutut berdampingan dan menyatakan: "Allah Alone adalah Great '... saya telah memukul berulang-ulang oleh kesatuan tak terpisahkan dari Islam yang membuat seorang pria secara naluriah saudara".

Professor Hurgronje writes "the fact is that no nation of the world can show a parallel to what Islam has done towards the realization of the idea of the League of Nations ". Profesor Hurgronje menulis "kenyataannya adalah bahwa tidak ada bangsa di dunia dapat menunjukkan paralel untuk apa Islam telah dilakukan terhadap realisasi gagasan Liga Bangsa-Bangsa".

Though this page has been carefully researched, the author does not claim expertise on Islam. Please send questions, comments, and corrections to emuseum@mnsu.edu and include the URL of this page. If you are Muslim, your feedback is much appreciated. Meskipun halaman ini telah hati-hati diteliti, penulis tidak mengklaim keahlian tentang Islam untuk. Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan, komentar, dan koreksi emuseum@mnsu.edu dan termasuk URL dari halaman ini. Jika Anda seorang Muslim, umpan balik Anda akan sangat dihargai.

References: Referensi:

Javed Chaudhary Javed Chaudhary

2009 Who is the real Alexander the Great? 2009 Siapakah Alexander Agung nyata? Jang News, January 1. Jang News, 1 Januari.

Rao ,KS Ramakrishna Rao, KS Ramakrishna

1978 Mohammad the Prophet. Nabi Muhammad 1978. Electronic Document, http://www.mesmarty.com/2008/11/islam-and-hazrat-muhammad-saww-in-the-eyes-of-non-muslim-scholars/ , accessed January 6, 2009 Dokumen Elektronik, http://www.mesmarty.com/2008/11/islam-and-hazrat-muhammad-saww-in-the-eyes-of-non-muslim-scholars/ , diakses 6 Januari 2009

Sahib, Mohammad Ali Sahib, Mohammad Ali

The Condition of the Arabs Before the Advent of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and the Transformation He Wrought in Them. Kondisi orang Arab Sebelum Kedatangan Nabi Suci (SAW) dan Transformasi Dia Tempa pada mereka. Electronic Document, http://aaiil.org/text/pbuh/art/others/arabcond.shtml#3 , accessed January 6, 2009. Dokumen Elektronik, http://aaiil.org/text/pbuh/art/others/arabcond.shtml # 3 , diakses pada 6 Januari 2009.

Naidu, Sarojini Naidu, Sarojini

1918 Ideals of Islam, Madras, Video Speeches and Writing, p.169 1918 Cita-cita Islam, Madras, Video Pidato dan Menulis, hal.169

Musa, Aisha Musa, Aisha

1989 Jews in the Quran : An Introduction. 1989 orang Yahudi dalam Quran: An Introduction. Electronic Document, http://www.theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/jews_in_the_quran_an_introduction/ , accessed January 6, 2009 Dokumen Elektronik, http://www.theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/jews_in_the_quran_an_introduction/ , diakses 6 Januari 2009
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